Europe reaches the Baltic. Poland and Pomerania in the Shaping of European Civilization (10 th - 12 th Centuries)

Redakcja: Stanisław Rosik

Rok wydania: 2020

Liczba stron: 700

Okładka: miękka

Format: 17,0 cm x 24,0 cm

Seria: Scripta Historica Europaea 6

Książka w jęzku angielskim

The events from the second and third decades of the 12th century were decisive for the permanent inclusion of Pomorze/Pomerania within medieval European civilization. At that time Pomerania’s western boundary extended to the lands on the lower Odra, and its eastern one – to the areas on the lower Vistula. In the wake of Bolesław III the Wrymouth’s conquests, local communities decided to accept Polish suzerainty and join Christendom. The foundations for this pivotal moment had been meaningfully laid by the aspirations of local elites to join the political constellation of the neighbouring Christian monarchies.
Ultimately, St. Otto of Bamberg’s missions in the 1120s brought about the conversion of the most important centres in western Pomerania, along with the emergence of the network of churches
that became the core of the Pomeranian diocese established in 1140, having its seat in Wolin. At the same time the eastern part of Pomerania was also incorporated into ecclesiastical structures – namely, into the Kuyavian diocese with its seat in Włocławek, subordinated to the archdiocese of Gniezno. Over the 12th century Christianization was completed at least at the level of local elites, which accompanied the process of the area’s incorporation into the structures of Polish statehood. Thus materialized the plans of the Piasts’ for expansion towards the Baltic – a bid first undertaken by the dynasty’s founder, Mieszko I.

(Introduction)

Contents:

Introduction /13

1. EUROPE – POLAND – POMERANIA. RESEARCH STRATEGIES AND HISTORIOGRAPHICAL TRADITION   /19

I. THE SCOPE OF RESEARCH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTED TO DATE (STANISŁAW ROSIK AND TOMASZ WIŚLICZ)  /21

II. POLAND AND POMERANIA – FROM SLAVIC TRIBES TO DIVERGING ROADS: TRACING HISTORIOGRAPHIC NARRATIVES (PAWEŁ MIGDALSKI)  /39

1. Medieval and early modern historiography on Polish-Pomeranian relations in the early Middle Ages  /42

2. Politicization of the image of early medieval PolishPomeranian relations in the long 19th century  /46

3. The influence of World War I and of the restitution of the Polish state on the perception of PolishPomeranian relations in the early Middle Ages  /57

4. Polish historiography on Polish-Pomeranian relations in the early Middle Ages during the time of the Polish People’s Republic /71

5. We do not cross the Odra – divided German research after World War II  /90

6. Departing from the mythology of the Recovered Lands in Polish historiography after 1989  /95

7. Continuation of the traditional perception of PolishPomeranian history in German historiography after 1989 /105

8. Concluding remarks /109

Excursus: On Early-Medieval Pomeranian Historiography (Wojciech Mrozowicz) /111

2. POLAND – POMERANIA – THE BALTIC. EXPANSION AND DOMINATION  /121

I. STARTING POINT: CIVITATES IN THE WORLD OF THE TRIBES BETWEEN THE BALTIC SEA  AND THE LINE OF THE CARPATHIANS AND SUDETES (9TH CENTURY) /123

1. From the world of sources to the world of tribes (prolegomena) (Stanisław Rosik)  /123

2. The key to recognizing civilizational changes in the basin of the Vistula and Odra rivers in the Early Middle Ages: civitas (from The Bavarian Geographer to Thietmar’s Chronicle) (Marie Bláhová and Stanisław Rosik)  /127

3. The urbanization of Pomerania in the early Middle Ages (Marian Rębkowski) /137

II. FOREIGNERS IN POMERANIA AND AMONG THE EARLY PIASTS (INTERPRETATIONS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS) (WŁADYSŁAW DUCZKO)  /147

1. Pomerania  /148

2. Foreigners among the early Piasts: the 10th century  /155

3. Foreigners in the Poland of Bolesław Chrobry  /159

III. ‘DANGEROUS LIAISONS’: THE COALESCENCE OF THE PIAST STATE SEEN AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE INTERIOR AND POMERANIA (SŁAWOMIR MOŹDZIOCH AND ANDRZEJ PLESZCZYŃSKI)  /163

1. The state and the ‘early’ state: theories and description criteria /164

2. Territory /170

3. The populace, its origin, and early social organization  /176

4. Toward a historical state  /182

5. Power and ideology (the first Piasts)  /204

Excursus: Santok and Milicz as gateways for the Piasts’ expansion beyond their Greater Poland homeland (Aleksander Paroń)  /225

1. Localization /227
2. Origins /230
3. Long-distance contacts: Archaeological evidence /232
4. Historical context /238
5. Conclusion /242

IV. ALONG THE GNIEZNO–KOŁOBRZEG VECTOR. THE ORIGINS OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF POMERANIAN LANDS /243

1. On the Baltic Sea under the Piasts’ rule at the end of the 10th c. St. Voytěch (Adalbert) in Gyddanyzc (Stanisław Rosik)  /243

2. In the era of the Ottonian Renovatio Imperii Romanorum: Gniezno in the year 1000 and Aecclesia Salsae Cholbergiensis (Stanisław Rosik) /254

3. Christianity in Pomerania from the 10th to the early 13th century: an archaeological perspective (Marian Rębkowski) /270

V. POLAND OF THE PIASTS AND THE BIRTH OF POMERANIA (STANISŁAW ROSIK)  /281

3. POMERANIA – POLAND – EUROPE. IN SEARCH OF THEIR OWN PATHS  /293

I. POMERANIA WITHIN THE COMMUNICATIONAL REALM OF AN INTERMARIUM (ALEKSANDER PAROŃ)  /295

1. Intermarium: natural premises for communication  /297

2. The “Centre”  /301

3. The “Periferies”  308

4. Conclusions /319

II. POMERANIA IN THE ZONE OF POLISH EXPANSION IN THE AGE OF BOLESŁAW III THE WRYMOUTH. CONQUEST AND CHRISTIANIZATION /323

1. Inside the turning point: towns and ducal power in Pomerania (11th c. – first half of the 12th c.) (Marian Rębkowski)  /326

2. The space of the turning point in the context of its neighbours: Pomeranian communities within the circle of the pagan “international” (Stanisław Rosik) /329

3. The first Pomeranian conquests in the era of Bolesław III the Wrymouth (in Gallus Anonymus’ view) (Stanisław Rosik) /337

4. Crucial conquests (Stanisław Rosik)  /346

5. Mission fields within the circle of Wrymouth’s expansion (Stanisław Rosik) /357

6. Social premises for undertaking the mission in Pomerania (on the example of Wartislaw I’s duchy) (Stanisław Rosik) /362

7. Otto of Bamberg’s missionary activity in western Pomerania (Stanisław Rosik)  /367

8. Pagan reaction in towns in the Odra estuary and Christianization’s turning point in Pomerania(Stanisław Rosik)  /379

9. The mission of Bishop Otto of Bamberg and its consequences (Marian Rębkowski) /383

10. End of the 12th century – first half of the 13th century: On the way to parishes (Marian Rębkowski) /389

Excursus: The conquest of Pomerania according to the anonymous author of the Gesta principum Polonorum (Darius von Güttner-Sporzyński)  /394

III. THE POMERANIAN CHURCH BETWEEN SAXONY, POLAND, AND DENMARK: SIGNS OF CHRISTIAN ACCULTURATION IN THE 12TH CENTURY (MARCIN R. PAUK) /403

1. Polish ecclesiastical organization in the age of the conquest and Christianization of Pomerania /403

2. In the shadow of Pomeranian affairs? Episcopal investiture in 12th-century Poland  /409

3. Gniezno and Magdeburg: episcopal power on the margins of Latin Christendom  /412

4. The first Pomeranian bishopric: Bishops of Kuyavia between missionary activity and the ducal court  /415

5. The origins of the bishopric in west Pomerania  /425

6. Que beati Petri iuris existit – the exemption of the Pomeranian bishopric  /431

7. The organizing and functioning of Church structures in west Pomerania  /437

8. Material foundations of episcopal power in west Pomerania  /443

9. From Wolin to Kamień: translation of the Pomeranian Cathedral Church and its analogies  /450

10. Verus fidei Christiane venerator: West Pomeranian dukes and the Church  /459

IV. POMERANIA IN THE POLITICS OF THE 12TH CENTURY (ZBIGNIEW DALEWSKI)  /471

1. Pomerania in the structures of the Piast monarchy  /471

2. Between Poland and the Empire  /478

3. The Merseburg Congress (1135)  /489

4. New alliances  /497

5. The Wendish Crusade  /507

6. New challenges  /518

7. A Pomeranian Kingdom?  /526

Excursus: The Polish-Pomeranian border in the 12th century (Paweł Migdalski)  /535

Excursus: Twelfth-century West Pomeranian castellans: on the problem of Polish structural influence (Marcin R. Pauk) /541

V. THE DISCOVERY AND PERCEPTION OF POMERANIA BY LATIN-LANGUAGE AUTHORS UP UNTIL THE LATE 12TH CENTURY (ANDRZEJ PLESZCZYŃSKI) /551

Gens Pomeranorum on the scene of history: the adoption of the Pomeranians to the common memory of Latin Christianitas (11–12th c.) (Stanisław Rosik)  /571
Conclusions (Stanisław Rosik)   /579

Bibliography  /595

Abbreviations /687

List of illustrations /689

Index of historical, mythical, biblical, and legendary figures  /693